Agelaia is a genus of Neotropical social wasps (family Vespidae), with species from Mexico to northern Argentina. Fifteen of the 31 described species are found in Brazil. These species are swarm founders that nest in cavities. The nest generally is without an envelope. These wasps are considered aggressive compared to other wasp species, and inflict a painful sting. The main component of the venom is Agelotoxin, a Phospholipase A2 direct haemolysin, which may cause a severe reaction in some patients.