AI researchers have created many tools to solve the most difficult problems in computer science. Many of their inventions have been adopted by mainstream computer science and are no longer considered a part of AI. (See AI effect). According to , p. 15), all of the following were originally developed in AI laboratories: time sharing,interactive interpreters,graphical user interfaces and the computer mouse,rapid development environments,the linked list data structure,automatic storage management,symbolic programming,functional programming,dynamic programming andobject-oriented programming.