Benjamin Winslow Dudley (1785-1870) was an American surgeon and academic in Kentucky, United States. Trained at the University of Pennsylvania, in London, and in Paris, he performed hundreds of lithotomy, trephinations and treated aneurysms. In his lectures and writing, he stressed the importance of preparation and cleanliness. He served as a Professor of Medicine at Transylvania University from 1817 to 1850, where he taught many future physicians who treated members (and later veterans) of the Confederate States Army.