Bid rigging
Bid rigging is a form of fraud in which a commercial contract is promised to one party even though for the sake of appearance several other parties also present a bid. This form of collusion is illegal in most countries. It is a form of price fixing and market allocation, often practiced where contracts are determined by a call for bids, for example in the case of government construction contracts. Bid rigging almost always results in economic harm to the agency which is seeking the bids, and to the public, who ultimately bear the costs as taxpayers or consumers.
Bid rigging
Bid rigging is a form of fraud in which a commercial contract is promised to one party even though for the sake of appearance several other parties also present a bid. This form of collusion is illegal in most countries. It is a form of price fixing and market allocation, often practiced where contracts are determined by a call for bids, for example in the case of government construction contracts. Bid rigging almost always results in economic harm to the agency which is seeking the bids, and to the public, who ultimately bear the costs as taxpayers or consumers.
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Bid rigging is a form of fraud ...... sts as taxpayers or consumers.
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围标,指以一家企业在投标过程中通过人为操纵,从而实现中标或等 ...... 串標,即圍標以串標為基礎又高於串標,圍標是串標的發展和深化。
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Wikipage revision ID
708,053,221
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Bid rigging is a form of fraud ...... sts as taxpayers or consumers.
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围标,指以一家企业在投标过程中通过人为操纵,从而实现中标或等 ...... 協議要求以保證圍標人能順利中標,並對整個圍標活動全過程保密。
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label
Bid rigging
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圍標
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