The Carbonari (Italian for "charcoal makers" or "burners") were groups of secret revolutionary societies active in Italy during the first three decades of the 19th century. The Italian Carbonari may have further influenced other revolutionary groups in France, Spain, Portugal, and Russia. Although their goals often had a patriotic and liberal focus, they lacked a clear immediate political agenda. They were a focus for those unhappy with the repressive political situation in Italy following 1815, especially in the south of the Italian Peninsula. Members of the Carbonari, and those influenced by them took part in important events in the process of Italian unification (called the Risorgimento), especially the failed Revolution of 1820, and in the further development of Italian nationalism.