D. Reidel was an academic publishing company based in Dordrecht. It joined with Kluwer in the 1990s as Kluwer/Reidel, together being purchased by Cinven and Candover in 2003. Cinven and Candover also purchased Springer, merging the operations of all the publishers into one conglomerate, Springer Science+Business Media, from Spring of 2004. This conglomerate is now "the second largest commercial scholarly publisher in the world" after Elsevier.