Anthony Dirk Moses (born 1967 in Brisbane) is an Australian historian. He is Professor of Modern History at the University of Sydney and Professor of Global and Colonial History at the European University Institute. He is widely regarded as a leading expert on the history of genocide and ethnic cleansing, and on the history of colonialism, especially genocide in colonial contexts. He is known for coining the term "the racial century" in reference to the period 1850–1950. He is editor-in-chief of the Journal of Genocide Research.