A Doctor of Canon and Civil Law, from the Latin doctor utriusque juris, or juris utriusque doctor, or doctor juris utriusque ("doctor of both laws") (abbreviations include: JUD, IUD, DUJ, JUDr., DUI, DJU, Dr.iur.utr., Dr.jur.utr., DIU, UJD and UID) is a scholar who has acquired a doctorate in both civil law and church law. The degree was common among Catholic and German scholars of the Middle Ages and early modern times. Today the degree is awarded by the Pontifical Lateran University in the State of the Vatican City after a period of six years study, by the University of Wuerzburg, and by the University of Fribourg.