After the Great Depression, economists decided that something needed to be done about the government involvement in U.S. economic affairs. The U.S. looked to the influential views of economist John Maynard Keynes to help fix the crisis the country was in, as well as to prevent it from happening again. President Franklin D. Roosevelt first instituted fiscal policies in the United States in The New Deal. The first experiments did not prove to be very effective, but that was in part because the Great Depression had already lowered the expectations of business so drastically.