Hesperocolletes douglasi, the Rottnest bee, is an extinct species described from a single specimen collected in 1938. Body was black, shiny and 12 mm long and wings were brown and up to 8 mm long. Rottnest Island contains unique flora and fauna, such as Melaleuca lanceolata and Callistris preissii, and was remote from human activities. The reduction of tall or closed forested communities, initiated by frequent fire, probably led to the extinction of this 'native bee'.