Highway revolts in the United States have occurred mainly in cities and regions, including Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Cleveland, Houston, Kansas City, Long Island, Los Angeles, Memphis, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Portland, Sacramento, San Francisco, Seattle, St. Petersburg, Tampa, and Washington, D.C. In many cities, there remain unused highways, abruptly terminating freeway alignments, and short stretches of freeway in the middle of nowhere, all of which are evidence of larger projects which were never completed. In some instances, freeway revolts have led to the eventual removal or relocation of freeways that had been built.