Mishpat Ivri (Hebrew משפט עברי "Jewish/Hebrew law/jurisprudence".) In content, Mishpat Ivri refers to those aspects of Halakha ("traditional Jewish law") that are relevant to "non-religious" or "secular" law. In addition, the term refers to an academic approach to the Jewish legal tradition and a concomitant effort to apply that tradition to modern Israeli law. The academic study of Mishpat Ivri spans the full geographic, literary, and historical range of Halakha. It tends to exclude certain areas of Halakha that are not comparable to modern civil law, such as criminal law and "religious" law.