Parnassianism (or Parnassism) was a French literary style that began during the positivist period of the 19th century. The style was influenced by the author Théophile Gautier as well as by the philosophical ideas of Arthur Schopenhauer. Gerard Manley Hopkins used the term Parnassian to describe competent but uninspired poetry. He identified this trend particularly with the work of Alfred Tennyson, citing the poem "Enoch Arden" as an example.