Tietea singularis was a Marattialean tree fern from the Late Carboniferous–Permian which grew up to 12m in height. It is estimated to represent close to 90% of some fossil assemblages in Brazil. Tietea singularis stems usually are less than 20 cm in diameter, bearing four orthostichies of leaves in a decussate arrangement. The stem is surrounded by a continuous ring of sclerenchyma that separates it from the root mantle. T. singularis stem transverse sections have the same basic structure as Psaronius, but are composed of central vascular bundles having smaller, O- and C-shaped forms, or wavy segments having a short, rounded or fat configuration. Leaf traces are polymeristelic in Tietea, while they are monomeristelic in Psaronius. The Tietea root mantle is composed of polyarch roots embedd