The 2009 Croatian local elections were held on 17 May, with the second round held on 31 May where necessary. The elections were held to elect members of city councils, mayors, members of county councils and county prefects. These were the first elections in which mayors and county prefects were elected directly by popular vote, rather than by a majority coalition in the council. The new system allowed many independent politicians to run against big party nominees. Many cities elected independent mayors, most notable being Split, Croatia's second largest city and Kaštela. As a result many cities and counties elected opposite lists for mayoral and council elections causing a larger number of cohabitation local governments.