Imām Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Juzayy al-Kalbī al-Gharnāṭī al-Mālikī (693 AH/1294 CE – 741 AH/1340 CE), is a Maliki scholar who wrote many religious works such as his al-Qawanin al-Fiqhiyyah or "The Laws of Jurisprudence" a comparative manual of the jurisprudence of the four Sunni madhhabs (Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi`i, Hanbali) with emphasis on the Maliki school and notices of the views of the Ẓāhirī school and others. He is also noted for his tafsir of the Qur'an al-Tashil li Ulum al-Tanzil, his book on legal theory Taqrīb al-Wuṣūl ‘ilā ‘Ilm al-Uṣūl or The Nearest of Paths to the Knowledge of the Fundamentals of Islamic Jurisprudence, which he wrote for his son, as well as his treatise on Sufism based on the Qur'an, The Refinement of the Hearts.