Adolf Dieudonné (29 August 1864 – 25 October 1944) was a German physician and hygienist, born in Stuttgart. He studied medicine in Tübingen, Berlin, Munich and Würzburg, and from 1888 served as a physician in the Bavarian army. Several years later he was stationed at the Imperial Health Office in Berlin, where he was exposed to the latest developments of Emil von Behring (1854–1917). In 1897, under the direction of Robert Koch (1843–1910), he along with Georg Gaffky (1850–1918) and Richard Pfeiffer (1858–1945), researched the bubonic plague in Bombay. After his return to Germany, he spent six years as a military physician in Würzburg, where in 1898 he gained his habilitation in hygiene at the university.