Amazonian Jews (Hebrew: יהודי אמזונאס, "Yehudei Amazonas"; Ladino: Judios de Amazonia/ג׳ודיוס די אמאזוניה; Spanish: judíos amazónicos; Portuguese: judeus amazônicos) is the name for the mixed-race people of Jewish Moroccan and indigenous Amazonian Amerindian descent who live in the Amazon basin cities and river villages of Brazil and Peru, including Belém, Santarém, Alenquer, Óbidos, and Manaus in Brazil and Iquitos in Peru. Moroccan Jewish migrants, all men, arriving during the rubber boom, married indigenous Amazonian Amerindian women, and their current descendants are of mixed ancestry (mestizo). In the 21st century, Belém has about 1,000 Jewish families and Manaus about 140 such families, most descended from these 19th-century Moroccans.