Amico Bignami (15 April 1862 – 8 September 1929) was an Italian physician, pathologist, malariologist and sceptic. He was professor of pathology at University of Rome (now Sapienza Università di Roma). His most important scientific contribution was in the discovery of transmission of human malarial parasite in the mosquito. With researcher Ettore Marchiafava he described a neurological disease, which is now given the eponymous name Marchiafava–Bignami disease.