Analytic torsion

In mathematics, Reidemeister torsion (or R-torsion, or Reidemeister–Franz torsion) is a topological invariant of manifolds introduced by Kurt Reidemeister for 3-manifolds and generalized to higher dimensions by Wolfgang Franz and Georges de Rham .Analytic torsion (or Ray–Singer torsion) is an invariant of Riemannian manifolds defined by Daniel B. Ray and Isadore M. Singer

Analytic torsion

In mathematics, Reidemeister torsion (or R-torsion, or Reidemeister–Franz torsion) is a topological invariant of manifolds introduced by Kurt Reidemeister for 3-manifolds and generalized to higher dimensions by Wolfgang Franz and Georges de Rham .Analytic torsion (or Ray–Singer torsion) is an invariant of Riemannian manifolds defined by Daniel B. Ray and Isadore M. Singer