Anatole Lewitsky (22 August 1903 – 23 February 1942) was a French anthropologist and member of the French Resistance in World War II. He was head of the European-Asiatic department at the Musée de l'Homme, and a world authority on Siberian shamanism. He founded, with Boris Vildé and Yvonne Oddon the resistance group Groupe du musée de l'Homme. He was betrayed, tried and sentenced to death. He was killed by firing squad, together with , , , , and Boris Vildé, on 23 February 1942 at Fort Mont-Valérien. They are buried in the cemetery at Ivry-sur-Seine.