Arthur Lee Loeb (13 July 1923, Amsterdam – 19 July 2002, Cambridge, Massachusetts) was a Dutch scientist and crystallographer. He arrived to the U.S. during World War II, completed his undergraduate studies at the University of Pennsylvania in 1944, and his Ph.D. in Chemical Physics at Harvard University in 1949. He later taught at Harvard, where he was senior lecturer in the Visual and Environmental Studies Department. His language, which he described as "Visual Mathematics" and "Design Science," led to lifelong collaboration with innovators such as R. Buckminster Fuller and M.C. Escher.