Autokratōr (Greek: αὐτοκράτωρ, translit. autokrátōr, lit. "self-ruler", "one who rules by himself", Ancient Greek pronunciation: [au̯tokrátɔːr], Byzantine Greek: [aftoˈkrator]; from αὐτός, autós, 'self' + κράτος, krátos, 'dominion, power'; pl. αὐτοκράτορες, autokrátores) is a Greek epithet applied to an individual who is unrestrained by superiors. It has been applied to military commanders-in-chief as well as Roman and Byzantine emperors as the translation of the Latin title imperator. Its connection with Byzantine-style absolutism gave rise to the modern terms autocrat and autocracy. In Modern Greek, it means "emperor", and its feminine form is autokráteira (αὐτοκράτειρα, 'empress', Modern Greek pronunciation: [aftoˈkratira]).