Balance of payments accounts of Japan (1960–90)
In its balance of payments accounts, Japan has traditionally run a deficit in services. Trade in services includes transportation (freight and passenger fares), insurance, travel expenditures, royalties, licensing fees, and income from investments. The deficit in services rose steadily from US$99 million in 1960, to nearly US$1.8 billion in 1970 and to more than US$11.3 billion in 1980 which can be attributed to rising royalty and licensing payments for Japan's acquisition of technology from other industrial countries and to rising deficits in the trade-related services of transportation and insurance. The transportation deficit rose after the 1960s, as rapidly climbing labor costs made Japanese-flag vessels less competitive, leading to greater use of foreign-flag carriers (including many
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Balance of payments accounts of Japan (1960–90)
In its balance of payments accounts, Japan has traditionally run a deficit in services. Trade in services includes transportation (freight and passenger fares), insurance, travel expenditures, royalties, licensing fees, and income from investments. The deficit in services rose steadily from US$99 million in 1960, to nearly US$1.8 billion in 1970 and to more than US$11.3 billion in 1980 which can be attributed to rising royalty and licensing payments for Japan's acquisition of technology from other industrial countries and to rising deficits in the trade-related services of transportation and insurance. The transportation deficit rose after the 1960s, as rapidly climbing labor costs made Japanese-flag vessels less competitive, leading to greater use of foreign-flag carriers (including many
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In its balance of payments acc ...... cline by US$8 billion in 1988.
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واجهت اليابان عادةً عجزًا في ا ...... ى 8 مليارات دولار في عام 1988.
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In its balance of payments acc ...... flag carriers (including many
@en
واجهت اليابان عادةً عجزًا في ا ...... حقيقة جهات ذات مصالح يابانية).
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Balance of payments accounts of Japan (1960–90)
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حسابات ميزان المدفوعات في اليابان (1960-1990)
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