Brasilitherium, from "Brazil" and therium (Greek for "beast"), thus meaning "Brazilian beast", is an extinct genus of cynodonts that lived during the Middle to Late Triassic in what is now Brazil. It was approximately 12 centimetres (4.7 in) long and weighed around 20 grams (0.044 lb). It probably fed on insects. Brasilitherium was found in the Candelária Formation of the Paraná Basin in southeastern Brazil. Brasilitherium represents a transition between advanced cynodonts and mammals, having features of both and having early evolution of certain mammalian features, such as hearing and a nasal cavity.