Bumper (car)
A bumper is a structure attached to or integrated with the front and rear ends of a motor vehicle, to absorb impact in a minor collision, ideally minimizing repair costs. Stiff metal bumpers appeared on automobiles as early as 1904 that had a mainly ornamental function. Numerous developments, improvements in materials and technologies, as well as greater focus on functionality for protecting vehicle components and improving safety have changed bumpers over the years. Bumpers ideally minimize height mismatches between vehicles and protect pedestrians from injury. Regulatory measures have been enacted to reduce vehicle repair costs and, more recently, impact on pedestrians.
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Bumper (car)
A bumper is a structure attached to or integrated with the front and rear ends of a motor vehicle, to absorb impact in a minor collision, ideally minimizing repair costs. Stiff metal bumpers appeared on automobiles as early as 1904 that had a mainly ornamental function. Numerous developments, improvements in materials and technologies, as well as greater focus on functionality for protecting vehicle components and improving safety have changed bumpers over the years. Bumpers ideally minimize height mismatches between vehicles and protect pedestrians from injury. Regulatory measures have been enacted to reduce vehicle repair costs and, more recently, impact on pedestrians.
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A bumper is a structure attach ...... cently, impact on pedestrians.
@en
Automobiletan, kolpe-leungailu ...... o oinezkoen zauriak murriztea.
@eu
Die Stoßstange ist seit den fr ...... von Frederick R. Simms gebaut.
@de
Een bumper is een onderdeel va ...... n de auto worden geïntegreerd.
@nl
El para-xocs és la peça d'un v ...... ó de danys, però no d'impacte.
@ca
El parachoques o paragolpes es ...... de daños, pero no de impacto.
@es
Il paraurti è una parte della ...... i da impatti ad alte velocità.
@it
Le pare-chocs est un élément d ...... se aux victimes de l'accident.
@fr
Nárazník je ta část automobilu ...... jetí u nákladních automobilů).
@cs
Para-choque ou para-choques é ...... s e evitar danos à carroceria.
@pt
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page length (characters) of wiki page
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1,010,149,827
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center
@en
caption
Ford Model A (1927–31) with metal bumpers
@en
Pontiac GTO with pioneering e ...... without permanent deformation
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direction
horizontal
@en
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wikiPageUsesTemplate
type
comment
A bumper is a structure attach ...... cently, impact on pedestrians.
@en
Automobiletan, kolpe-leungailu ...... o oinezkoen zauriak murriztea.
@eu
Die Stoßstange ist seit den fr ...... von Frederick R. Simms gebaut.
@de
Een bumper is een onderdeel va ...... n de auto worden geïntegreerd.
@nl
El para-xocs és la peça d'un v ...... ó de danys, però no d'impacte.
@ca
El parachoques o paragolpes es ...... de daños, pero no de impacto.
@es
Il paraurti è una parte della ...... i da impatti ad alte velocità.
@it
Le pare-chocs est un élément d ...... se aux victimes de l'accident.
@fr
Nárazník je ta část automobilu ...... chodců sražených automobilem.
@cs
Para-choque ou para-choques é ...... s e evitar danos à carroceria.
@pt
label
Automobilový nárazník
@cs
Bumper (auto)
@nl
Bumper (car)
@en
Kolpe-leungailu
@eu
Para-choque
@pt
Para-xocs
@ca
Parachoques
@es
Paraurti
@it
Pare-chocs
@fr
Stoßstange (Karosserie)
@de