Carl Vilhelm Hartman (19 August 1862 – 19 June 1941), was a Swedish botanist and anthropologist. Trained as a botanist, Hartman joined Norwegian ethnographer Carl Sofus Lumholtz on a three-year expedition to the Sierra Madre Mountains in Mexico. One of Hartman's duties was to conduct studies of plants used by the native population. Working alongside Lumholtz, his interest turned from botany to anthropology. After completion of his work in Mexico in 1893, Hartman accompanied Lumholtz to the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, spending six months organizing exhibits in its anthropological department. In 1894, he published an anthropological essay titled "The Indians of Northwestern Mexico".