Caspar Schamberger (1 September 1623 in Leipzig, Germany – 8 April 1706) was a German surgeon. His name represents the first school of Western medicine in Japan and the beginning of rangaku, or Dutch studies. In 1686, Schamberger published an extensive description of three illustrations depicting a great variety of people, exotic fruits, coins, animals, and artifacts he had observed all over "East India". It is dedicated to the Duke elect Johann III. Only one copy of this private print is preserved. In 1706, Schamberger died, only to be followed shortly after by his son.