The Catholic Apostolic Church, also known as the Irvingian Church, is a Christian religious tradition which originated in Scotland around 1831 and later spread to Germany and the United States. The tradition to which the Catholic Apostolic Church belongs is referred to as Irvingism or the Irvingian movement, in honour of Edward Irving (1792-1834), who taught that "God could work miracles in His Church as easily now as two thousand years ago." The church was organised in 1835 with the fourfold ministry of "apostles, prophets, evangelists, and pastors."