Charles Pearcy Mountford (8 May 1890 – 16 November 1976) was an Australian anthropologist and photographer. He is known for his pioneering work on Indigenous Australians and his depictions and descriptions of their art. He also led the American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land. His final book, Nomads of the Australian Desert, was the subject of an important court case due to its inclusion of culturally restricted content.