Chava Shapiro (Hebrew: חַוָּה שַׁפִירָא‎, romanized: Ḥava Shapira, German: Ewa Schapiro; 26 December 1876 – 28 February 1943), known also by the pen name Em Kol Chai (Hebrew: אֵם כָּל חָי‎, lit. 'Mother of All Living'), was a Russian Jewish writer, critic, and journalist. A pioneer of Hebrew women's literature and feminist literary criticism, Shapiro was among the most prolific of the diasporic women writers of Hebrew in the early twentieth century.