Composition for Twelve Instruments (1948, rev. 1954) is a serial music composition written by American composer Milton Babbitt for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, trumpet, harp, celesta, violin, viola, cello, and double bass. In it Babbitt for the first time employs a twelve-element duration set to serialize the rhythms as well as the pitches, predating Olivier Messiaen's (non-serial) "Mode de valeurs et d'intensités", but not the Turangalîla-Symphonie (1946–48), in which Messiaen used a duration series for the first time in the opening episode of the seventh movement, titled "Turangalîla II". (Babbitt had also earlier used a different kind of rhythmic series, and serial manipulation thereof, in his (1947) and Composition for Four Instruments (1948)).