The double genocide theory (Lithuanian: dviejų genocidų teorija) is the idea that two genocides of equal severity occurred in Eastern Europe, the Nazi Holocaust against Jews and a second genocide that the Soviet Union committed against the local population. The theory first became popular in the Baltic States during the 1990s. Some versions of the theory furthermore accuse Jews of complicity in Soviet repression and therefore characterize local participation in the Holocaust as retaliation. Alexander Karn states that the idea of "double genocide... hinge[s] upon the erasure of Lithuanian participation in the Holocaust."