Elisheva Bikhovski (Russian: Элишева Быховски) (born Elizaveta Ivanovna Zhirkov (Russian: Елизавета Ивановна Жирков); September 20, 1888 – March 27, 1949) — was a Russian-Israeli poet, writer, literary critic and translator, often known simply by her adopted Biblical Hebrew name Elishéva (Hebrew: אֱלִישֶׁבַע‎). Her Russian Orthodox father, Ivan Zhirkov, was a village teacher who later became a bookseller and textbook publisher; her mother was descended from Irish Catholics who had settled in Russia after the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815). Elisheva wrote most of her works in Hebrew, and also translated English and Hebrew poetry into Russian.