Ghost (physics)
In the terminology of quantum field theory, a ghost, ghost field, ghost particle, or gauge ghost is an unphysical state in a gauge theory. Ghosts are necessary to keep gauge invariance in theories where the local fields exceed a number of physical degrees of freedom. — Ludvig Faddeev
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Ghost (physics)
In the terminology of quantum field theory, a ghost, ghost field, ghost particle, or gauge ghost is an unphysical state in a gauge theory. Ghosts are necessary to keep gauge invariance in theories where the local fields exceed a number of physical degrees of freedom. — Ludvig Faddeev
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In the terminology of quantum ...... with negative kinetic energy.
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In the terminology of quantum ...... s of freedom. — Ludvig Faddeev
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Ghost (physics)
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