Communist Party USA (CPUSA) is an American political party with a communist platform that was founded in 1919 in Chicago. The history of the Communist Party USA is deeply rooted in the history of the American labor movement and the Communist Party USA indeed played critical roles in the earliest struggles to organize American workers into unions as well as the later civil rights and anti-war movements. The history of CPUSA is ideologically complex and tied to communism, labor movements, and marxism. Many party members were forced to work covertly due to the high level of political repression in the United States against Communists. CPUSA faced many challenges in gaining a foothold in the United States as they endured two eras of the Red Scare and never experienced significant electoral suc