Jean-Claude Fourneau (28 March 1907 – 9 October 1981) was a French painter close to the surrealist movement. His mother was a descendant of , restorer of the Collège Sainte-Barbe in Paris, of Juliette Adam, founder of a French paper, La Nouvelle Revue, muse of Léon Gambetta and the spiritual mother of Pierre Loti; and she was the daughter of Paul Segond, pioneer in the field of surgical gynaecology. His father, Ernest Fourneau, was the founder of French medicinal chemistry.