Johann Baptist Andreas Ritter von Scherer (24 June 1755 in Prague – 10 April 1844 in Vienna) was an Austrian chemist and botanist. He studied chemistry at the universities of Prague and Vienna, receiving his doctorate in 1782. As a student his instructors included botanists Joseph Gottfried Mikan and Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin. In 1797 he became a professor of chemistry at the Theresianum in Vienna, followed by a professorship at the Polytechnic Institute in Prague (from 1803). From 1807 to 1834 he was a professor of specialized natural history at the University of Vienna.