John Crawford Anderson (August 5, 1863 – April 27, 1940) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama from 1904 to 1914, and then Chief Justice from 1914 until his death in 1940. Born in Greene County, Alabama, Anderson received a law degree from the University of Alabama School of Law in 1883, and established a successful law practice in Marengo County, Alabama. He was initially appointed to a circuit court position by Governor William C. Oates in 1895. He was elected to a newly-created seat on the Alabama Supreme Court in 1904, and was elevated to Chief Justice in 1914 (succeeding James R. Dowdell). He served in that position until his death in 1940.