Karl-Axel Ekbom (23 September 1907, Göteborg – 15 March 1977, Uppsala) was a Swedish neurologist. He is mostly known for his detailed description of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Ekbom started his medical studies in Stockholm in 1928 and was licensed in 1934. He received the Doctor of Medicine degree in 1945. After working at the Karolinska Institute from 1945 to 1958, he became Professor of Neurology at the University of Uppsala where he worked until 1974. Ekbom described the syndrome of delusional parasitosis. The condition has been termed Ekbom syndrome.