London is the capital of and largest city in England and the United Kingdom. It is administered by the City of London and 32 London boroughs. These boroughs are modern, having been created in 1965 and have a weaker sense of identity than their constituent "districts" (considered in speech, "parts of London" or more formally, "areas"). Two major factors have shaped the development of London district and sub-district identities; the Ancient Parish - which was used for both civil and ecclesiastical functions - and the pre-urban settlement pattern.