Neil Mathieson (born 1823, died 14 September 1906) was a Scottish chemist and businessman. He was born in Campbeltown, Argyll and Bute, Scotland and came to work for John & Thomas Johnson, soap and alkali makers in Runcorn, Cheshire, where he became works manager. Around 1860 he joined two other Johnson's workers, Duncan McKechnie and Charles Wigg, in setting up the Old Quay Works in Runcorn to make soap and to extract copper by the Henderson wet process. In 1865, when John & Thomas Johnson became registered under the Companies Act as the Runcorn Soap and Alkali Company, Mathieson invested in the company, buying 175 shares. He left the Old Quay Works to set up his own business, Matheison and Company in Widnes, Lancashire in 1870. His partners were Frederick Herbert Gossage, son of William