Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Миклу́хо-Макла́й; 17 [O.S. 5] July 1846 – 14 [O.S. 2] April 1888) was a Russian explorer, ethnologist, anthropologist and biologist who became famous as one of the earliest scientists to settle among and study indigenous people of New Guinea who had never seen a European. Miklouho-Maclay spent the major part of his life travelling and conducted scientific research in the Middle East, Australia, New Guinea, Melanesia and Polynesia. Australia became his adopted country and Sydney the hometown of his family.