Ottoman Public Debt Administration
The Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA) (Ottoman Turkish: Düyun-u Umumiye-i Osmaniye Varidat-ı Muhassasa İdaresi, or simply Düyun-u Umumiye as it was popularly known), was a European-controlled organization that was established in 1881 to collect the payments which the Ottoman Empire owed to European companies in the Ottoman public debt. The OPDA became a vast, essentially independent bureaucracy within the Ottoman bureaucracy, run by the creditors and its governing council was packed with European government officials - including one representative each from British, French, German, Austrian, Italian, Dutch, and Ottoman creditors, and one representative from the Ottoman state. It employed 5,000 officials who collected taxes that were then turned over to the European creditors. At it
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Ottoman Public Debt Administration
The Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA) (Ottoman Turkish: Düyun-u Umumiye-i Osmaniye Varidat-ı Muhassasa İdaresi, or simply Düyun-u Umumiye as it was popularly known), was a European-controlled organization that was established in 1881 to collect the payments which the Ottoman Empire owed to European companies in the Ottoman public debt. The OPDA became a vast, essentially independent bureaucracy within the Ottoman bureaucracy, run by the creditors and its governing council was packed with European government officials - including one representative each from British, French, German, Austrian, Italian, Dutch, and Ottoman creditors, and one representative from the Ottoman state. It employed 5,000 officials who collected taxes that were then turned over to the European creditors. At it
has abstract
La Administración de la Deuda ...... ctualmente el İstanbul Lisesi.
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The Ottoman Public Debt Admini ...... ransjordan, Syria and Lebanon.
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إدارة الدين العام العثماني (با ...... السابع يُعيّنه البنك العثماني.
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オスマン債務管理局(オスマンさいむかんりきょく、トルコ語: ...... AH)により債務整理をした上でイスタンブールに設立された。
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13,518,960
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999,520,502
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La Administración de la Deuda ...... ctualmente el İstanbul Lisesi.
@es
The Ottoman Public Debt Admini ...... the European creditors. At it
@en
إدارة الدين العام العثماني (با ...... السابع يُعيّنه البنك العثماني.
@ar
オスマン債務管理局(オスマンさいむかんりきょく、トルコ語: ...... AH)により債務整理をした上でイスタンブールに設立された。
@ja
label
Administración de la Deuda Pública Otomana
@es
Administration de la Dette Publique Ottomane
@de
Ottoman Public Debt Administration
@en
إدارة الدين العام العثماني
@ar
オスマン債務管理局
@ja