Post-normal science
Post-normal science (PNS) represents a novel approach for the use of science on issues where "facts [are] uncertain, values in dispute, stakes high and decisions urgent". PNS was developed in the 1990s by Silvio Funtowicz and Jerome R. Ravetz. It can be considered as a reaction to the styles of analysis based on risk and cost-benefit analysis prevailing at that time, and as an embodiment of concepts of a new "critical science" developed in previous works by the same authors. In a more recent work PNS is described as "the stage where we are today, where all the comfortable assumptions about science, its production and its use, are in question".
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Andrea SaltelliCargo cult scienceFuzzy conceptIndex (statistics)Jerome RavetzNUSAPNormal sciencePNSPost-Normal SciencePost-Normal sciencePost-normalPost-normal SciencePostnormal timesPseudosciencePublic awareness of scienceReiner GrundmannScience on the VergeScientific methodSecond modernitySensitivity auditingSilvio FuntowiczUncertainty and Quality in Science for PolicyWicked problem
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Post-normal science
Post-normal science (PNS) represents a novel approach for the use of science on issues where "facts [are] uncertain, values in dispute, stakes high and decisions urgent". PNS was developed in the 1990s by Silvio Funtowicz and Jerome R. Ravetz. It can be considered as a reaction to the styles of analysis based on risk and cost-benefit analysis prevailing at that time, and as an embodiment of concepts of a new "critical science" developed in previous works by the same authors. In a more recent work PNS is described as "the stage where we are today, where all the comfortable assumptions about science, its production and its use, are in question".
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Ciencia posnormal (posnormal S ...... son irremediablemente blandos.
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Il concetto di scienza post-no ...... evati e le decisioni urgenti».
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Post-normal science (PNS) repr ...... and its use, are in question".
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Postnormale wetenschap is een ...... interpretaties en implicaties.
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يمثّل العلم ما بعد العادي (بال ...... وإنتاجه واستخدامه موضع تشكيك».
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1,020,378,404
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Ciencia posnormal (posnormal S ...... son irremediablemente blandos.
@es
Il concetto di scienza post-no ...... evati e le decisioni urgenti».
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Post-normal science (PNS) repr ...... and its use, are in question".
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Postnormale wetenschap is een ...... politieke besluiten te nemen.
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يمثّل العلم ما بعد العادي (بال ...... وإنتاجه واستخدامه موضع تشكيك».
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Ciencia posnormal
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Ciència post-normal
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Post-normal science
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Postnormale wetenschap
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Scienza post-normale
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العلم ما بعد العادي
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