Quantum Hall effect

The quantum Hall effect (or integer quantum Hall effect) is a quantized version of the Hall effect and which is observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, in which the Hall resistance Rxy exhibits steps that take on the quantized values at certain level

Quantum Hall effect

The quantum Hall effect (or integer quantum Hall effect) is a quantized version of the Hall effect and which is observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, in which the Hall resistance Rxy exhibits steps that take on the quantized values at certain level