Rijk Gispen (1910 – 6 December 2000), was a Dutch virologist and former Director of the National Institute of Public Health in the Netherlands. He is well known for his research in immunology and the study of orthopoxviruses. In the 1970s, he contributed to the immunology of orthopoxvirus infections by being the first to develop means of distinguishing between antibodies due to infections with variola, vaccinia and monkeypox.