Robert J. Anderson (1914 – July 24, 1999) was the chief of the Communicable Disease Center (CDC) of the United States Public Health Service, forerunner to the modern Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from October 1, 1956 to June 30, 1960. After the CDC, Anderson returned to Washington, DC and worked on environmental health, including as Chief of the Bureau of State Services. Anderson died of an aortic aneurysm on July 24, 1999, at his home in Arlington, Virginia, at the age of 85.