Vespa soror is a species of hornet present in India, Northern Thailand, Laos, Northern Vietnam, and parts of South China, including Hong Kong, Guangdong, Fujian, and Hainan Island. The body lengths of V. soror workers range from 26–35mm, and those of queens range from 39–46mm. Their nests are typically subterranean and found in forested areas. They are aggressive predators and have been observed to attack the nests of honeybees, wasps, and smaller hornet species. They also prey on mantids, dragonflies, butterflies, grasshoppers, and small vertebrates such as geckos.