John Wilson Carswell OBE FRCS (born 1937) is a Scottish physician who was one of the first medical researchers to identify HIV/AIDS in Uganda. He graduated from the King's College London with an MBBS in 1961, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1967. He worked as a consultant surgeon at Mulago Hospital, Kampala from 1968 to 1987 where he became a leading AIDS researcher in the country. He later served as medical advisor to the Government of South Africa, and worked in public health in the United States and Asia.